Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA) 2025 - Inglês

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Almost a million more deaths than births were recorded in Japan last year, representing the steepest annual population decline since government surveys began in 1968. Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba has described the demographic crisis of Japan's ageing population as a "quiet emergency", pledging family-friendly policies such as free childcare and more flexible work hours. But efforts to reverse the perennially low birth rates among Japanese women have so far made little impact.

Fonte: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c74dnzr4jdvo

According to the text, what key challenge is Japan currently facing?